Top 10 most popular programming languages of the world

Software, a program that is basically developed to solve critical problems by making them simple enough for the end-users that they could figure them out within a fraction of seconds. Computer software and programs have revolutionized the world by sorting out the problems and making complicated tasks easier. Software engineers, who develop these amazing software, need to learn specific programming languages. 2019 has come up with so many programming languages that it's becoming difficult for the beginners to choose the right programming language to take a start with. One of the easiest ways to pick the best programming language to learn for 2019 is by listening to what the market says, where the tech trend is going...

Different programming languages are used for developing different applications and software for smartphones, desktops etc. Some languages are chose to develop games for mobiles and pc whereas some are considered best for web development. However, it depends upon the interests and personal skills of a programmer which programming language he should choose to work with.

Top 10 programming languages of the world

Here are the top 10 programming languages of the world you should better consider to take a start with:

1. JavaScript

It would sound ridiculous if you are a software developer and you haven't used JavaScript. The first one in the list is JavaScript, it seems impossible to imagine software development without JavaScript.

JavaScript is one of those programming languages that play major role in front-end development. Even some of the major social media platforms believe that it is more convenient to develop web pages by using JavaScript. JavaScript is most preferred programming language because of its compatibility with all the major browsers and it is really flexible with the syntax it holds. The beginner usually consider JavaScript a best programming language to take a start with.

2. Java

Java is one of the most popular programming languages that is used widely for developing applications both for mobile phones and for desktop and has been the ruling programming language for the last 20 years. Java is 99% object-oriented and is robust as java objects contain no references to data external to themselves. It is simpler than C++ because Java uses automatic memory allocation and garbage collection.

3. Python

Python is one of the user-friendly programming languages as it's syntax is clear, intuitive and almost similar to the English language. Python is somehow similar to JavaScript. Python is basically a general purpose language that is most oftenly used for developing websites, web applications as well as desktop GUI applications. The simple syntax of this high level programming language attract the beginners to use it for creating software and apps.

4. C/C++

C has made a strong contribution to the world of programming. Mostly C is used to give students an introduction to programming. Even, nowadays, it is seen, whenever there is a need to build high-performance applications, C remains the most popular choice.

Linux OS is C based. And C++ is the hybrid version of C. C++ is an object-oriented programming language which is built on C; therefore it is preferred over others for designing higher-level applications.

5. PHP

PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor. PHP is a general-purpose programming language. Clearly, PHP is a scripting language, which runs on a server. Mainly, php is used to create web pages written in HTML. It is popular because it is free, cheap, easy to set up and simple to use for new programmers. This programming language is most widely utilized for web development all around the world. Programmers and web developers consider this language most vital to create web pages and websites.

6. C#

C# is another powerful object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft in 2000. C-sharp is basically used for developing desktop applications and requires a .NET framework to function. Moreover, C# has a variety of features which makes it easier to learn for the beginners. It's code is consistent, and logical as compared to C++. 

7. Swift

Swift is basically a general-purpose programming language that is developed by Apple Inc. It is an open-source, compiled programming language. It's fun to use such a type of user friendly programming language that's why it is majorly used by beginners who want to learn coding to develop software. Swift is considered to be a faster, more secure, and easier to read and debug than its predecessor Objective-C.

Unlike Objective-C, Swift requires less code, resembles with English so that it would be easier for the programmers to move from JavaScript, Java, Python, C# and C++ to Swift.

8. Objective-C

Objective-C is an object-oriented programming language. It is used by Apple for the OS X and iOS operating systems and their application programming interfaces (APIs). It was developed in the 1980s and came in usage by some of the earliest operating systems.

Objective-C is object-oriented as well as a general purpose high level programming language. You can also call objective-C a hybrid C because of the features it adds to C programming language.

9. SQL

SQL stands for Structured Query Language, This type of programming language is basically developed to operate databases. Data that is stored in the relational database is usually managed by such a type of programming language. SQL stores, retrieve as well as manipulates this stored data. 

SQL keeps data precise and secure, and it also helps in maintaining the integrity of databases, irrespective of its size.

SQL is used today across web frameworks and database applications. SQL developers are in great demand and offered high pay scales by reputed organizations.

10. Ruby

Ruby is also one of those high level programming languages that are developed to facilitate programmers and beginners by giving them a user-friendly environment. It is an open source, dynamic programming language, focused on simplicity and productivity. In other words, it does not have hard rules and it is a high-level language which resembles with the English language to a great extent.

List of 20 most Frequently Asked Questions about Operating System

Mostly; the Information Technology departments or computer related departments of an organization use to ask questions while taking interviews for hiring employees. Most often; they ask questions about operating system as this is the vital component of a computer system. Here is the list of 20 most Frequently Asked Questions about Operating System.

Questions:

1. How does an operating system work?

2. Give a short description of kernel.

3. How do you define the boot process?

4. What is the importance of an operating system in a computer?

5. How does an operating system manage memory?

6. What is the basic purpose of virtual memory?

7. Describe the term thrashing.

8. How does an operating system control devices attached to computer?

9. Why is operating system loaded in the computer memory before software applications?

10. What is embedded operating system?

11. Which feature of Linux is different from other operating systems?

12. Describe multipurpose operating system.

13. How is an operating system different from utility programs?

14. What is open source software?

15. How are network operating systems different from stand alone operating systems?

16. What is the purpose of stand-alone utility programs?

17. What is OS X Server?

18. What are the functions of different utility programs?

19. What is the difference between multitasking and time sharing systems?

20. Why should open source software be used?

Answers:

1. How does an operating system work?

Ans: The operating system runs and checks whether all the parts of computer are working properly when the computer is turned on. After loading, operating system manages all the operations on the computer.

2. Give a short description of kernel.

Ans: Kernel is one of the essential most components of operating system. It is loaded in RAM when we turn on the computer. It is the responsibility of kernel to start all applications, manage devices and memory and perform other essential operations.

3. What happens in the booting process?

Ans: The kernel and necessary instructions of operating system are replicated from hard disk to RAM when booting process takes place. Moreover; a series of tests is conducted on the main memory of computer, input and output devices, disk drives and hard disk.

4. What is the importance of an operating system in a computer?

Ans: An operating system is one of the most critical pieces of software that controls all the activities of computer system. Furthermore; the operating system boots the computer, launches application software as well as ensures that all the actions are processed in an order. Also; the operating system allocates memory to different programs, controls all devices and hardware components that are attached to a computer and facilitates by connecting to the web.

5. How does an operating system manage memory?

Ans: During the time of execution, Random Access Memory is used to store data temporarily. Operating system allocates the memory area to various programs. When the program finishes, the memory area is deallocated.

6. What is the basic purpose of virtual memory?

Ans: Some operating systems allocate a part of storage medium such as hard disk as additional RAM. A part of a running program can be in RAM and the remaining part may be on hard disk. This is the main purpose why we use virtual memory.

7. Describe the term thrashing.

Ans: The condition in which excessive time of operating system is wasted in paging instead of execution of program is known as thrashing.

8. How does an operating system control devices attached to computer?

Ans: That's the device drivers that make operating system control all attached computer devices like mouse, keyboard etc. A device driver is a program that tells an operating system how to communicate with a device. Every attached device has its own device driver. The operating system loads the drivers of all the devices when computer boots.

9. Why is operating system loaded in the computer memory before software applications?

Ans: It’s not at all possible to load application software before loading operating system in the memory as software applications cannot even interact with computer system without operating system.

10. What is embedded operating system?

Ans: These are the specific types of operating systems that are designed to control a particular task i.e. to run devices like ATM, digital video recorder, microwave, automatic washing machine etc. Embedded operating systems are often used in devices for providing maps and directions as well.

11. Which feature of Linux is different from other operating systems?

Ans: The basic feature of Linux that is different from other operating systems is that its source code remains public.

12. Describe multipurpose operating system.

Ans: Such a type of operating system that works both as desktop and server operating system is called multipurpose operating system. Examples are Unix and Linux.

13. How is an operating system different from utility programs?

Ans: Operating system is a group of programs that controls all computers operations as well as devices attached to a computer system. On the other hand utility program is a type of system software that can perform a specific task only i.e. to manage computer and its devices.

14. What is open source software?

Ans: Such a type of software in which the code is freely available for public to improve is known as open source software.

15. How are network operating systems different from stand alone operating systems?

Ans: Network operating system is the one supporting networks. A network operating system organizes how multiple users can access and share resources over network. Contrary to that, a standalone operating system works on a PC i.e. a desktop computer or a laptop computer.

16. What is the purpose of stand-alone utility programs?

Ans: The facilities provided by a stand-alone utility program are usually not available in an operating system. For example, if we talk about an antivirus program, it protects computer from viruses. Similarly a utility program like file compression software which is used to compress the size of a file. The operating system cannot perform such tasks.

17. What is OS X Server?

Ans: OS X Server is a server version of Mac OS X. It is developed by Apple. It makes it convenient for the organizations to collaborate, share files, host websites as well as mail servers on Mac computers and iOS devices.

18. What are the functions of different utility programs?

Ans: There have been many useful utility programs that facilitate us performing various complicated tasks. Some of them are as follows: 1.  File viewer is used to view and manage files, 2. Disk scanner is used to detect disk problem,  3. Antivirus is used to detect and removes computer viruses 4. Backup utility program is used to make backup of several files.  5. File compressor is developed to compress the size of large files.

19. What is the difference between multitasking and time sharing systems?

Ans: Usually in multitasking systems, the processor executes small tasks like finding a record, making a calculation etc. However, in time sharing systems, the processor executes each task for a fixed amount of time and moves to the next task as soon as the time finishes.

20. Why should open source software be used?

Ans: It’s quite advantageous to use open source software as it has no restrictions from the copyright holder. Moreover, the user can also make desirable changings in the software's instructions and redistribute the software.